tenure by divine service
Hist. A tenure obligating the tenant to perform an expressly defined divine service, such as singing a certain number of masses or distributing a fixed sum of alms. Cf. lay tenure.
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tenure by divine service
tenure by divine service 〈英〉限定教役保有 旧时教会保有土地的一种方式，起初称为施舍保有〔tenure in alms〕，以区别于非施舍保有〔tenure in free alms〕，亦即自由教役保有〔frankalmoign〕。按照该保有方式，作为土地保有人〔tenant〕的教会法人〔religious corporation〕应承担特别指定的宗教役务〔divine service〕，例如在一年之中的某一天祈祷，或者布施一定数额的施舍金；并且要向上级领主进行效忠宣誓〔fealty〕。若保有人违背其役务，领主可以扣押其财产，自1290年《地产买卖法》〔Statute Quia Emptores〕之后，只有国王才可授予以该方式保有的土地。
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divine service
divine service (1)宗教礼拜 (2)〈英〉限定教役保有 教会的土地保有方式之一，与自由教役保有〔frankalmoign〕相对。该保有方式指教会作为土地保有者有义务举行某些宗教礼拜仪式，如做一定次数的弥撒，分发一定金额的施舍。俗人也可以通过这种方式保有土地，领主可因为教会没有履行教役义务而扣押土地。 (=tenure by divine service) (→frankalmoign)
divine service
divine service. 1. Hist. A feudal tenure in which the tenants were obligated to perform special divine functions, such as singing at a certain number of masses or distributing a specified amount in alms. 2. A public worship service.
frankalmoin
frankalmoin (frangk-al-moyn). [Law French “free alms”] Hist. A spiritual tenure by which a religious institution held land, usu. with a general duty to pray for the donor. • This tenure differed from the tenure by divine service, which required specific church services, such as a certain number of masses or alms distributions. — Also spelled
ebdomadarius
ebdomadarius (eb-dom-[schwa]-dair-ee-[schwa]s), n. [Latin “weekly”] Eccles. law. An officer in a cathedral church who supervises the regular performance of divine service and prescribes the duties of choir members.
interdict
interdict v. 禁止 n. (1)(教会法)褫夺教权的禁令 指一种教会的惩罚〔ecclesiastical censure〕，禁止特定的人或在特定地区举行宗教仪式〔divine services〕。该惩罚于英国宗教改革后废止，而美国从无此种禁令。 (2)禁令 １罗马法中，禁令系裁判官〔praetor〕据以直接命令何事应为或应不为的裁决〔decree〕，特定案件以赦令〔edict〕决定。禁令尤其用于涉及占有或准占有的案件。禁令分三类：禁止禁令〔prohibitory〕、出示禁令〔exhibitory〕与复原禁令〔restorative〕。作为一种救济方式，禁令曾较诉讼广为使用，但后来使用渐少，优士丁尼时已基本废止。现代民法中，禁令可视为与诉讼相同，尽管它们引起的是简易程序；２在大陆法中，指因某人心智不全而剥夺其处理自身事务的权利；３在国际法上，是指政府发布的禁止两国间商业往来的贸易禁令，目的在于暂时停止任何形式的贸易。
frankalmoign
frankalmoign n. 自由教役保有 撒克逊时代遗留下来的一种土地保有方式，也是教会作为土地保有人的两种保有方式之一，与限定教役保有〔tenure by divine service〕相对。按照该保有方式，教会法人〔religious corporation〕及其继承者永久保有捐赠者〔donor〕的土地时，免于向领主承担除三项基本役务〔trinoda necessitas〕和《公祷书》〔Book of Common Prayer〕规定的宗教役务〔divine service〕以外的一切役务。但若其违背所承担的役务，领主不能扣押其动产，只能向教区长或教会巡督〔visitor〕提出控告。此外，在12-13世纪，以该方式保有的土地专属教会法院管辖。在1660年之前，该保有方式已基本废弃。在1925年《地产管理法》〔Administration of Estates Act〕生效后，这一保有方式即转化为普通自由农役保有〔common free socage〕。
spiritual tenure
A tenure that bears some relation to religious exercises, such as frankalmoign and tenure by divine service.
lay tenure
Hist. Any tenure not held through religious service, such as a base tenure or a freehold tenure. • The three historical types of lay tenures are knight-service, socage, and serjeanty. See KNIGHT-SERVICE; SOCAGE; SERJEANTY. Cf. tenure by divine service.